Last modified: 2024-09-28 by 
klaus-michael schneider
Keywords: christ knights’ order | ordem dos cavaleiros de cristo | templar | cross: patté (red) | cross: christ knights |
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The cross of the Order of the Knights of Christ (Ordem dos Cavaleiros
de Cristo, yet another medieaval warrior-monk order) is always red with
white core. It was used in the Discovery sail ships, both as flag and painted
on the sails, and has been used as an ubiquous symbol of Portugal ever since.
(In fact, it would have give a great national emblem,
even in a flag, — simple, striking, distinct — but somehow it never resulted
that way…)
António Martins-Tuválkin, 14 Jan 1997
Real flags of the order had this cross over a number of
backgrounds, being most frequent white, green,
and white/green gyronny — the later
said to be the most “correct”.
António Martins, 19 Feb 1998
This symbol, cross potent-formy gules voided argent has currently
official usage in the flag and arms of the Madeira
Autonomous Region, in the roundel of the
Portuguese Air Force, and in some municipal
and sub-municipal arms and flags.
António Martins-Tuválkin, 10 Dec 2001
Both versions happen, latin and greek — more often equal armed versions
(see Madeira, for instance) than unequal armed ones.
Unequal armed versions are to be found in a few portuguese
subnational coats of arms, both as a charge and as a decoration —
in one of them: Castelo Branco —, I think in the
badge of the order and in the flag of S. Paulo,
as far as I know.
Nevertheless, the cross is the same for both versions. Or, if you want to
go further into the variations, the cross is also the same as a pretty thin
cross or as a fat one, and its even the same when drawn hollow (as in
Madeira) or solid.
Jorge Candeias, 06 Feb 2001
The square green flag with Christ Knight’s Order cross, said to
have been used by the re-independentist in the revolution of
1640.
In that date Portugal become regained independence after 60 years of
spanish domination, and the flag, originally a naval pendon, reminded
of a glorious age that had then already passed by.
António Martins-Tuválkin, 1 Dec 1999
Historische Fahnen [neu32]
has an image of the Banner des Christordens:
Green over white and slightly longer than wide with a red with white Cross
of Christ, the red-white-red of the cross’ arms in ≅1:1:1, and
the arms 1/6 of the hoist in width (or maybe slightly less), and the ends
of the arms extending no more than to twice their width.
Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg, 18 Apr 2002
Shown in [p9t94], referencing a
painting of Jan Huygen van Linschoten, 1638:
Chist Order cross on green. Also used as “national” flag in
1495-1521 (King Manuel’s reign) along
with an arms-on-white flag. Also known as the Restoration Flag, used
as revolution banner in 1640 (regain of independence from Spain).
António Martins-Tuválkin, 22 May 1997
The Portugese Order of Knights of Christ, as I understand, originates
from the Portugese priory of the Templars,
which simply changed its name when the order was suppressed by Pope Clement,
and everyone pretended not to notice that his “new” order just happened to
have all the same members.
Will Linden, 11 May 1997
Historische Fahnen [neu32] tells us something like (my translation):
Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg, 18 Apr 2002Following the dissolution of the Order of the Templars on instigation of the King of France in 1312, King Dionysius of Portugal in 1319 used their possesions to found the Order of Christ, which also took over the order’s symbol.
In 1494 the right to conquer the new world was divided between Portugal and Spain. In America the division placed Brazil in the Portuguese Zone, where the introduction of Christianity was primarily due to the Order of Christ, whose Cross Brazil bore in its arms until 1889.
The Treaty of Tordesillas (7 June 1494) placed the limit 370 leagues
west of Cape Verde islands. According to Encyclopaedia Britannica,
the Tordesillas meridian is ca. 48°30’W.
Ivan Sache, 19 Apr 2002, and
Santiago Dotor, 23 Apr 2002
This Order had a major role in the early seafaring
expeditions, its red on white pointy patent hollow cross being ultimately
the symbol of the portuguese expansion — a symbol that outlived
the Order itself and its very original meaning.
António Martins-Tuválkin, 19 Feb 1998
![[Order of Christ Exhibition 1940 #1]](../images/p/pt_oxp940b.gif) 1:1, image by Pete Loeser, 9 Mar 2016 |
![[Order of Christ Exhibition 1940 #2]](../images/p/pt_oxp940s.gif) 1:1, image by António Martins-Tuválkin, 15 Mar 2016 |
In the summer of 1940 was held in Lisbon an exhibition organized by the
Portuguese government to commemorate the "double centenary" of national
independence (1140 and 1640) and promote nationalist and
colonialist policies of the regime — the Exposição do Mundo Português (adjective
nouns in English cause an elegant translation to be misleading: it is
the Exhibition about the Portuguese World, and not a Portuguese World
Exhibition). Its iconography, heavy on modernist influences, featured a
number of heraldic and vexillological motives, not unlike other such
events (like the flags used in the 1944 grand opening of the National
Stadium, in Oeiras, reported by me in February 2009).
Most of these flags (and depictions of flags in other iconography) match
either actual current and historical flags, or are the usual fanciful
reconstructions and reinterpretations that dott most of the traditional
History of the National Flag in Portugal, which include
some strictly non-national flags, such as those of Chivalric Orders
— but one seems to be a true novelty:
It is a square flag design matching the Christ Knights Order flag (see image on top) but added with a thin blue cross inside the white central cross and a green border all around, touching/matching the other edges of the red cross. This is a hybrid design that joins the republican colors the orginal pre-independence blue cross on white design and the Christ Knights Order flag itself (or maybe its variant on green— in use during the 1640 revolution), marking respectively with some approximation the three dates on which the exhibtion hinged: 1940 (current flag at the time of the event), 1640 (independence after 60 years of joint monarchy with Spain), and 1140 (unilateral declaration of independence, indeed already in 1139; recognized internationally in 1143).
This design is shown as a standalone square icon (I don´t know whether
also as/on actual flags) and also on the front cover of the official
guide in a painting by Eduardo Anahory, depicting a knight holding a
surrealist streamer that shows on one face the design of the mythical
first flag of Portugal and on the other this modified
Christ Knights Order flag.
Recent works calls it the flag of the exhibition ("a bandeira da exposição") but I am not sure if this is accurate; J.Sobral states
that this design was "later used also as a political support flag of the regime", but I cannot corroborate this statement.
Sources: WIKIMEDIA and
this image
António Martins-Tuválkin, 9 Mar 2016
It was used in the Discovery sail ships, and
has been used as an ubiquous symbol of Portugal ever since.
António Martins, 14 Jan 1997 and 07 Oct 2001
That said it features in relatively few subnational coats of arms,
even if it is quite often.
António Martins-Tuválkin, 14 Jan 1997 and 07 Oct 2001
back to Portugal historical Flags click here
